The Constitution of the United Arab Emirates was issued on 2/12/1971, and since that date the first qualitative leap in judicial work began , whereas the constitution included a special chapter for judiciary in the Union and Emirates at chapter five , starting at article (94) till article (109) , it identified the courts of the Union, the composition of the Federal Supreme Court, its jurisdiction and location , it clarified the competencies of the Federal Courts of First Instance It entrusted to the laws that would be issued later , several matters related to the judicial process.
Article 104 of the Constitution keeps to the local judicial bodies in each emirate , all judicial matters entrusted to the federal judiciary in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, and added in Article (105) the statement of the method to be taken to transfer all or some of the competencies of the local judicial bodies to the federal courts of first instance .
The Constitution also regulated the appointment of the Attorney General and referred to the Judicial Authority Act the matter of appointing the members of the Public Prosecution and the related provisions .
The Constitution set out the general features of judicial work from the highest judicial authority, the Federal Supreme Court, to the power of the Attorney General.
Federal Law No. (1) of 1972 was issued on the Jurisdictions of the Ministries and the Competences of the Ministers , they are as follows :
- Regulate and supervise the administrative and financial affairs of the federal courts.
- Prepare draft laws related to the federal judiciary, the federal public prosecution, general amnesty from the judgments issued by the federal courts.
- Peruse the studies, fatwas and all other legal affairs required by the work needs in different federal ministries, including the formulation of draft laws, regulations and rules set by the said ministries.
- Prepare major draft legislations related to the laws on real estate property, the expropriation for the public interest, penal law, civil and commercial procedures laws, companies and procedures before civil and criminal courts, laws of protection of literary, artistic, and industrial property, copyrights, and laws of extradition of criminals.
Subsequently, legislation was issued to build the structure of the Ministry of Justice in the light of its competencies.